The Very First Video Game - 1570 Words

Tommy Heartquist/Cade Conner Think Fast Introduction The very first ‘Video Game’ was invented by Edward U. Condon in 1940, At first it was a simple game called ‘Nim’. In nim players try to avoid picking up the last match. Thousands of people played it, although the computer won at least 90% of the games. Around ten years later in 1950, a new computer program was created by Claude Shannon for the game of chess. In autumn of 1972 the first gaming console was released by ‘Magnavox’ and they called it the Odyssey. Three years later, the next big gaming console arrived when Sears sold the first ‘Atari Pong.’ This was the beginning of a long partnership between Atari and Sears. This relationship lasted multiple years, and Sears sold several successful games. Multiple years later in 1985, Nintendo released the Nintendo Entertainment System. This new gaming console dominated the Gaming Industry and grew Nintendo’s Company. Nintendo created several gaming console legends, such as the Game Boy, Nintendo 64, Game Boy Advanced, Nintendo Gamecube, Gameboy Advanced SD, and Nintendo DS, all of which made a huge impact on everybody’s childhood from 1985 to 2005. In the late twentieth century and early twenty-first century Playstation and Xbox also started releasing consoles. They are still to this day making successful Gaming Consoles, and individual games, as well as Xbox and Playstation. Today the three biggest game companies are Xbox, Playstation and Nintendo. The reason they areShow MoreRelatedVideo Games : A Good Thing For Children991 Words   |  4 PagesVideo Games The act of video games for children have been a controversy in today s society for a very long time. One half of the argument believes video games is a positive act and the other half of the argument believes that video games is a negative act. Both parties have significant data backing up their own personal believes. There has been many studies done around the topic of children playing video games trying to conclude which side of the argument is correct which is very hard to do. SomeRead MoreVideo Games Are A Good Thing For Children993 Words   |  4 PagesThe act of video games for children had been a controversy in today s society for a very long time. One half of the argument believes video games are a positive act and the other half of the argument believes that video games are a negative act. Both parties have significant data backing up their own personal beliefs. There has been many studies done around the topic of children playing video games trying to conclude which side of the argument is correct which is very hard to do. Some of the studiesRead MoreThe Evolution Of Video Games1325 Words   |  6 PagesEvolution of Video Games Video games have been around for over 60 years and are still evolving over time. But just how did these video games advance over these 60 plus years? According to our research, video games started out in the 1950’s-1960’s with basic technology such as low quality graphics, basic controls, and third person play. But from the 2000’s on, video games evolved from basic technology to more advanced technology such as high quality graphics, more advanced controls, and first person playRead MoreVideo Games and Obesity1601 Words   |  7 PagesOctober 22, 2007 Video Games and Obesity In just two decades, the prevalence of obesity doubled for U.S. children ages 6 to 11, and tripled for American teenagers (Childhood Obesity). Obesity is an excessive accumulation of fat causing a person to become overweight. It is a serious and growing health problem, especially for kids. One major factor to the problem of children becoming obese is, video games. Video games have advanced dramatically over the years. From hitting a ball backRead MoreVideo Games and Obesity1593 Words   |  7 PagesOctober 22, 2007 Video Games and Obesity In just two decades, the prevalence of obesity doubled for U.S. children ages 6 to 11, and tripled for American teenagers (Childhood Obesity). Obesity is an excessive accumulation of fat causing a person to become overweight. It is a serious and growing health problem, especially for kids. One major factor to the problem of children becoming obese is, video games. Video games have advanced dramatically over the years. From hitting a ball back andRead MoreThe Effects Of Video Games On The Economy And People s Lives1190 Words   |  5 Pagesonce said, â€Å"You can t say that video games grew out of pinball, but you can assume that video games wouldn t have happened without it. It s like bicycles and automobiles. One industry leads to the other and then they exist side by side. But you had to have bicycles to one day have motor cars.† Video games are important to both the economy and people’s lives and â€Å"have been by far the most significant manifestation of interactive media to date† (Haddon 52). The first computers were large enough toRead More History of the Video Game Industry Essay examples1234 Words   |  5 PagesHands What comes to mind when someone mentions video games? A lot of people will think of a waste of time or a device for creating lazy children. That very well may be in a lot of cases, but from a different point of view, video games have very important uses. Instead of creating lazy children, they eliminate boredom for them. We all know what types of activities children find when they are bored. There is also a huge job market in video games ranging from programming to sales. It seems theyRead MoreThe Effects of Violent Video Games Essay1685 Words   |  7 PagesSince violent video games, like Mortal Kombat, were created, adolescents who play these games become more aggressive than before. To me, playing violent video games is unsafe for these people since they have the negative influence on these people. I believe that researching on that topic would help us get the sense of what problems to avoid. I wish to know what are the possible effects of violent video games on adolesc ents’ aggression. The independent variable is violent video games, and the dependentRead MoreDo Violent Video Games Cause Aggressive Behavior?1128 Words   |  5 PagesAmanda Cummings Essay Lesson II Do Violent Video Games Cause Aggressive Behavior? How and why does mass media influence aggressive behavior? More specifically, does playing video games cause aggressive behavior? Because children and teenagers spend an increased amount of time each day viewing/playing video games, they are shaping their values, attitudes, and behaviors. For people who do act out aggressively, the results can be deadly. Monthly, the news is filled with blood-chillingRead MoreThe Devil Finds Work for Idle Hands1257 Words   |  6 PagesHands What comes to mind when someone mentions video games? A lot of people will think of a waste of time or a device for creating lazy children. That very well may be in a lot of cases, but from a different point of view, video games have very important uses. Instead of creating lazy children, they eliminate boredom for them. We all know what types of activities children find when they are bored. There is also a huge job market in video games ranging from programming to sales. It seems they

The Desire For Assimilation Among Immigrants - 1846 Words

In Franz Kafka’s novel Amerika the desire for assimilation among immigrants is shown repeatedly. It is shown both in Karl’s attitude as well as his Uncle Jakob’s actions and behavior. The desire for immigrants to assimilate is shown in Henry Fairchild’s article in The American Journal of Sociology, The Restriction of Immigration. In his work Fairchild shows how many Americans, including himself wish for immigrants to assimilate as quickly as possible and display negative attitudes towards immigrants who are overtly European. Many referred to the massive immigration to America in the early 1900’s as a problem and offered solutions. In order for an immigrant not to be considered part of the problem and face prejudice, he or she should attempt to assimilate into the American middle class as quickly as possibly, by mastering english, gaining a trade and achieving some sort of economic success. The further one distanced themselves from their Europe an origins the better. This shows the prevailing stigma against European immigrants. Uncle Jakob, his actions, and his demands of Karl attempt to combat popular complaints against immigrants. This is shown especially through Karl’s Uncle’s quick rise to success as well as his immediate abandonment of his origins. The Restriction of Immigration shows what many perceive to be the problems with immigration. The most often repeated issue is the failure for immigrants to assimilate. Fairchild argues against the establishment ofShow MoreRelatedCanada s Long Standing Desire For Assimilation Essay1609 Words   |  7 Pagesbeing built upon assimilation, surveillance, and capitalist control of its people. It is modern in the sense that it is always striving forward in regards to the latest technology, money-making business, and consumption for profit. And yet it still lacks when it comes to racial acceptance. While it has made progress, there are still tensions that are di sregarded. Canada seeks only for a sense of nationalism that is stuck in the past. Canada’s long standing desire for assimilation is tied to its anti-immigrationRead MoreComparing Waves of Immigrants in Joseph Healey’s â€Å"From Immigrants to White Ethnics827 Words   |  3 PagesHealey’s â€Å"From Immigrants to White Ethnics† is a generalized comparison between the varying groups of individuals that accompanied the colossal waves of immigration to the United States from Europe in the nineteenth century. Immigration to this country resulted from a number of reason such as religious persecution, individuals seeking to find employment after industrialization in their home countries limited their livelihood, and political oppositions to name a few. On arrival the immigrants knew immediatelyRead MoreUnder the Desguise of a Passageway to Happiness: Assimiliation779 Words   |  3 Pagesdifferent and instead make efforts to change the differences to match the way things normally and dominantly are. This fear and reaction is the reason fo r why efforts of assimilation occur, so that the dominant can integrate the minority and to conform to the dominant culture. Writer Sarah Ahmed discusses the issues of migration, assimilation, and what it really means to be happy in her chapter â€Å"Melancholic Migrant.† She traces the links between white culture and happiness; the idea of the whiter you areRead More Interpreter of Maladies by Jhumpa Lahiri Essay1514 Words   |  7 Pageswho is branded as a foreigner. In America, there exists a common misconception that immigrants who arrive in this country fully assimilate or seek to assimilate as time progresses. The category I chose was The Dot of true Happiness. The dot which signifies the bindi, a traditional red mark worn by Indian people, is the source of true happiness among these immigrants. Although these newly arrived immigrants are expected to be content only after assimilating to the American culture, Lahiri attestsRead MoreAmy Tan s The Joy Luck Club1385 Words   |  6 PagesPluralism, Acculturation and Assimilation in Amy Tan s The Joy Luck Club Mona A. M. Ahmed Zagazig University, Egypt The purpose of this paper is to investigate pluralism, acculturation and assimilation in Amy Tan s novel The Joy Luck Club (1989), a finalist for the National Award, and a recipient of the 1990 Bay Area Book Reviewers award for fiction. Amy Tan (1952- ) is a Chinese American novelist; she isRead MoreAnalysis Of John Demoss Heathen School932 Words   |  4 PagesJohn Demos’s interpretation of the â€Å"Heathen School† illustrates American challenges relating to multiculturalism and assimilation effectively. Demos flawlessly accounts the unforeseen and touchings stories of the missionary project, originating in Cornwall, Connecticut in the eighteenth century. At the same time, Demos details the conversion of â€Å"Heathens†-consisting of young Hawaiian, Native American, Indian, and Chinese men-into Christianity and civilization itself. The Heathen School became a grandRead MoreThe Immigration Of Canada And The Assurance Of Equality And Freedom From Racial Discrimination1383 Words   |  6 PagesCanada is referred to as a ‘land of immigrants’ since a large number of newcomers have settled here and helped to enhance and preserve its ethnicity and diversity. Every country has its own norms and principles in accommodating new immigrants and assisting them to settle down. However, not all the immigrants are fortunate enough to sustain the uncertain circumstances that they had foreseen before migrating to a new country. While in the process of adjusting to a new society, these settlers are oftenRead MoreIdentity Formation and Assimilation of Ashima and Gogol in the United States1292 Words   |  6 Pageseasy task. Immigrants usually face challenges to identify themselves . Identity formation is the development of one’s distinctive personality due to particular reasons such as new environment, new culture and conflicts. During the process, some characters from Jhumpa Lahiri’s The Namesake either create or deny the bond with their own culture; some undergo conflicts among generations. Those processes reflect significantly in Ashima and Gogol throughout the book. The degree of assimilations determinesRead MoreAbstract. This Proposed Research Is Designed To Handle1440 Words   |  6 Pagesregarding the post –migration adjustments.The primary aim for this study is on the behavioral, emotional as well as the academic adaptation of the immigrants adolescent and children, in view of their level of post-migration stress and the surport which is provided by their social networks. The participant for this research proposal will 600 newly immigrants who are in the elementary, middle as well as the high school levels.The students will be i nterviewed shortly after the school entry, with the secondRead MoreB.Machismo, Marianismo Familismo . Machismo, Marianismo1049 Words   |  5 PagesB. Machismo, Marianismo Familismo Machismo, Marianismo and familismo are central to Latino culture, and all three can increase the likelihood of IPV in Latina immigrants. Machismo and its female counterpart marianismo are held as the â€Å"ideal† male and female gender roles in traditional Latino culture. These Latino cultural traditions are two-sided; machismo and marianismo can be viewed as positive qualities, however, they can also allow for an unfair balance of power between partners. Stevens

Engineering Leadership and Change Resistance- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theEngineering Leadership and Change Resistance for Customers. Answer: Engineering is an important field because it helps the engineers to build and design items or structures that meet the expectations of the beneficiaries and customers. The engineers should use relevant leadership skills to persuade the team to adopt the changes. Based on the case study, engineering projects remain challenging [1]. In fact, even a simple project may need new technical approaches and creativity to achieve the results. Importantly, the engineering leaders are at the center of these projects so that the projects can run smoothly. The team and end-users expect quality work thus meet their expectations. Nonetheless, it is critical to differentiate between management and leadership. According to Leopold and Kaltenecker [1], management is a reactive behavior because it involves addressing the daily issues through coordinating, organizing, and planning. The manager must understand the context and constraints associated with the project. On the hand, a scholar Monson [2] found that leadership is a proactive development and innovation. The leader rarely values the limited resources but focuses on improving the available and assumed resources. Importantly, the leader must communicate the expected potential, ethics, and behaviors. This implies leaders do the right thing while managers do things right. Therefore, leadership is essential in creating a culture that maintains stability and predictability. Background Based on the case, change will improve the effectiveness and life of the organization. Since change is never an easy task, the leaders have the personality that can shape the culture. It is important to identify the challenges that have affected the change process. These could include the internal integration and external adaptation [3]. The engineering leadership must respond to the external environment related to demands. The leadership should also blend the individual efforts to create coherent behaviors among the team members. The anticipated change can occur when the engineering leadership identifies the catalysts [4]. For instance, the new technologies and aggressive market competition could be pushing the firm to seek new avenues. The failure by an organization to respond can lead to losses or poor productivity. Indisputably, if the management fails to consider change, the organization would be exposed to different dangers including going out of business, lose connections, mar ket share, and experience restrictive and barriers to its operations. The company will also experience the personal impact such as losing influence and images [5]. The leaders need to inform the employees that stand to lose their jobs for failing to adopt the changes. Roles of the Engineer The engineer is a technical manager whose work revolves around humans. As a leader, the manager needs to understand that shaping the experience of others would be prudent because this will help them to meet their needs and goals. This involves the use of transactional and democratic leadership qualities [6]. The leadership approach will ensure everyone remains happy, engaged, and productive. The leader should organize regular meetings with members to review their performance and address any roadblocks or issues affecting their operations. Monson [2] demonstrates that the project leader has to simplify the project to make it understandable. The leader needs to must be experts who behaviors are actionable. The engineers must establish a strong relationship with team members because they have relevant skills and experience to address the situation. Overcoming resistance to change The leader should consider creating a clear vision of the change as the first step. Upon determining the reason for these changes, the project can be effective. In fact, this step can involve risk analysis, because even the team are risks as they work against the success of the project [6]. The engineer or team leader should be persuasive in allowing others to buy-in the idea. Resistance to change requires the input of transactional and transformational leaders who have the skills to reduce uncertainty and fear among the employees thus boosting their morale [7]. Transformational and transactional leaders are expected to embrace participative and collaborative leadership skills [8]. Therefore, designing a vision for this project will promote understanding thus visualize the impact. Additionally, the leader should consider getting feedback always. For instance, before the leader makes any drastic announcement regarding the change, it is important to consult experts and get the relevant feedback. This involves the use of strategic thinkers among the team members so that their inputs can be considered. The conversation and feedback should continue throughout the project [9]. The leader needs to consider conducting audits and post-mortem sessions to highlight the problems. The third stage involves making the announcement about the change and plan. Importantly, scholars Radzi and Othman [10] affirmed that changes must be motivational-driven. Based on the vision, the leader must focus on communicating thus make it meaningful and help people to accept change. Although the employee will go through the stages of grief, the team will accept it at last. In the first stage, the employees were in denial of the change [6]. However, upon realizing the reality of these changes, they gained anger to resist because of misunderstanding. With the transactional and democratic leadership, it is possible to persuade them thus allowing them to bargain. The signs of depression will be evident as they slowly accept the reality. In conclusion, resistance to change appears to be the anticipated response of human beings. Employees and teams always try to translate these changes to personal feelings or context leading to fear. The leaders must address these fears to win the confidence of the followers. Importantly, it is prudent for the leader to involve the workforce in finding solutions to the issues. Continued engagement helps the workforce to generate new ideas and prevent bad ideas. Therefore, the company should establish communication plan and coach to ensure that every stakeholder is brought on board thus reduce their resistance. The managers need to use the best leadership approach including transactional and democratic where the team members are involved in the decision-making. Works Cited Leopold S. Kaltenecker, Kanban Change Leadership: Creating a Culture of Continuous Improvement. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley Sons, 2015. J. Monson, Engineering Leadership: How to Create an Effective Engineering Organization. Golden Valley, Minn.: RJM, 2017. E. McCleary, G.M. Crow, and J. L. Matthews, Leadership: A Relevant and Realistic Role for Principals. New York: Routledge, 2014.. T. S. Harvey, The best leaders take calculated risks, learning from failure as they go, The Telegraph, May 12, 2017. [Online]. Available: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/connect/better-business/leadership/best-leaders-take-risks-learning-from-failure/ Berube, Are your employees resisting change? It may be a good thing, Life Cycle Engineering, 2016. [Online]. Available: https://www.lce.com/Are-Your-Employees-Resisting-Change-It-May-Be-a-Good-Thing-1291.html 6. McCauley, Essentials of Engineering Leadership and Innovation. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, 2017. Thuijsman, Leadership styles and their influence on employees regarding the acceptance of organizational change, IBA Bach. thesis, Fucul. of Behav., Mgnt, and Soc. Sci. July 2, 2015. [Online]. Available: https://essay.utwente.nl/67385/1/Thuijsman_BA_BMS.pdf R. Mills, This is what impactful engineering leadership looks like, First-round, n.d. [Online]. Available: https://firstround.com/review/this-is-what-impactful-engineering-leadership-looks-like/ Matsudaira and K. Stull, Combating resistance to change: how to get other people on board with new ideas, Safari, July 1, 2014. [Online]. Available: https://www.safaribooksonline.com/blog/2014/07/01/resistance-to-change/ I. M. Radzi and R. Othman, Resistance to change: The moderating effects of leader-member exchange and role breadth self-efficacy, Journal of Advanced Management Science, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 72-76, Jan. 2016.

Ngos Help Or Hindrance Essays - Civil Affairs,

Ngos: Help Or Hindrance? NGOs: Help or Hindrance? In his article, John McCormick establishes that the number of NGOs present in the world today probably exists well into the six figures (P. 60). Assuming that the role of NGOs is to keep governmental organizations in check when it comes to environmental issues, it frustrated me to think that there actually could be such problems with environmental issues. Certainly hundreds of thousands of such organizations must be able to regulate the environment in an efficient manner so to keep the major problems in check, right? But I soon learned that the NGOs themselves, are often corrupt in their cooperation and may actually hinder the regulation of environmental standards. Before attacking these NGOs, their specific contributions to environmental protections must be established. It seems that NGOs made the most significant gains at and after the Stockholm conference. They established specific practices that were aimed at protecting the environment not only at national levels, but internationally. NGOs acted as liasons between nations with alternative views. Most importantly, these NGOs were established to communicate the goals of such conferences as Stockholm and the Brundtland Commission, and to pressure cooperating nations into achieving these goals without the type of pressure that would create chaos amongst the nations. Key to the growth of NGOs was the rapid advancement of communication technology. Not only did these advances in communication help to build stronger bonds among NGOs, but it also spurred on the growth of umbrella bodies for smaller local organizations. The Phillipines alone have 18,000 NGOs (McCormick 59). I find that this huge number of NGOs, while at first may seem beneficial, most likely act to oppose each other. In a country the size of the Phillipines, I find it hard to believe, however environmentally aware its people are, that there can exist so many separate groups fighting for a similar cause. Which brings me to the limitations of the NGOs. It seems that with so many organizations worldwide working towards bettering the environment, there lacks an overall unity binding the groups together to reach a common goal. Just as governmental agencies have run into problems internationally when it comes to agreeing on environmental issues, NGOs have come across similar obstacles in their attempt to protect the environment. The usual rivalry of northern industrialized views opposing those of the emerging southern ideals can be seen at the level of NGOs as well. So now, instead of governments arguing over environmental restrictions and allowances, the NGOs have joined in the fight. Does this necessarilly help the situation? Most likely the answer is no. In fact, the NGOs may be acting as salt in wounds that are already bleeding. Part of the problem with these differing views is the formations of Federations within the boundaries of international NGOs. While the joining of multiple NGOs does help to create better communication and points of contact, they also hinder .. Social Issues

Characteristics of Deafness and Hard of Hearing

Characteristics of Deafness and Hard of Hearing Often, teachers seek extra support and help in recognizing  the characteristics of deafness in their students in order to better address the specific needs of the child. This usually happens due to certain cues that the teacher is able to pick up about the students language development in class or after a known hearing impaired child continues to struggle in their classroom. A student or child with deafness or hard-of-hearing disabilities has deficits in language and speech development due to a diminished or lack of auditory response to sound. Students will demonstrate varying degrees of hearing loss which often results in difficulty acquiring spoken language. When you have a child with hearing loss/deafness in your classroom, you need to be careful not to assume that this student has other developmental or intellectual, delays. Typically, many of these students have average or better than average intelligence. How to Recognize the Signs of Deafness Some of the common characteristics of deafness commonly found in classrooms include the following: Difficulty following verbal directionsDifficulty with oral expressionSome difficulties with social/emotional or interpersonal skillsWill often have a degree of language delayOften follows and rarely leadsWill usually exhibit some form of articulation difficultyCan become easily frustrated if their needs are not met -   which may lead to some behavioral difficultiesSometimes the use of hearing aids leads to embarrassment and fear of rejection from peers What Can You Do to Help Students With Hearing Loss? Language will be the priority area for students who are deaf or hard of hearing. It is the basic requirement for success in all subject areas and will influence the student’s comprehension in your classroom. Language development and its impact on the learning of students who are deaf or hard of hearing can be complex and difficult to attain. You may find that students will need interpreters, note-takers, or educational assistants to facilitate communication. This process will usually require external personnel involvement. However, some of the basic steps that you as a teacher can take to address the needs of a hearing impaired student include: Many students with hearing disabilities will have some form of specialized equipment recommended by an audiologist.  Help  the child to feel comfortable with their hearing device and promote understanding and acceptance with other children in the class.  Remember that devices do not return the childs hearing to normal.Noisy environments will cause grief to the child with a hearing device and noise around the child should be kept to a minimum.Check the device often to ensure it is working.When using videos,  make sure you use the closed captioning feature.Shut classroom doors/windows to help eliminate noise.Cushion chair bottoms.Use visual approaches whenever possible.Establish predictable routines for this child.Provide older students with visual outlines/graphic organizers and clarification.Use a home/school communication book.Enunciate words clearly using lip movement to assist the child to lip read.Keep close proximity to the student.Provide small group work when possible. Make assessment accommodations to enable a clear picture of demonstrated academic growth. Provide visual materials and demos whenever possible.

American History Timeline - 1701 - 1725

American History Timeline - 1701 - 1725 The first quarter of the 18th century in America can be characterized as a time of conflict, with different European colonies- English, French and Spanish- waging fierce and political battles against each other and the Native American inhabitants over new territories and colonization strategies. Slavery as a way of life became entrenched in the American colonies. 1701 Fort Pontchartrain is built by the French at Detroit. October 9: Yale College is founded. It will not become a university until 1887, one of nine universities established in Colonial America. October 28: William Penn gives Pennsylvania its first constitution, called the Charter of Privileges. 1702 17 April: New Jersey is formed when East and West Jersey are united under the authority of the New York governor. May: Queen Anne’s War (The War of Spanish Succession) begins when England declares war on Spain and France. Later in the year, the Spanish settlement at St. Augustine falls to Carolina forces. Cotton Mather publishes The Ecclesiastical History of New England (Magnalia Christi Americana), 1620–1698. 1703 May 12: Connecticut and Rhode Island agree upon a common boundary line. 1704 February 29: During Queen Anne’s War, French and Abenaki Indians destroy Deerfield Massachusetts. Later in the year, New England colonists destroy two important supply villages in Acadia (present day Nova Scotia). April 24: The first regular newspaper, the Boston News-Letter was published. May 22: The first Delaware assembly meets at the town of New Castle. 1705 The Virginia Black Code of 1705 is passed, restricting the travel of enslaved persons and naming them officially as real estate. It read in part: All servants imported and brought into the Country...who were not Christians in their native Country...shall be accounted and be slaves. All Negro, mulatto and Indian slaves within this dominion...shall be held to be real estate. If any slave resist his master...correcting such slave, and shall happen to be killed in such correction...the master shall be free of all punishment...as if such accident never happened.   1706 January 17: Benjamin Franklin is born to  Josiah Franklin and  Abiah Folger,   August: French and Spanish soldiers unsuccessfully attack Charlestown, South Carolina during Queen Anne’s War. Chattel  slavery  is introduced by French colonists in  Louisiana, after they raid Chitimacha settlements. 1707 May 1: The United Kingdom of Great Britain is founded when the Act of the Union combines England, Scotland, and Wales. 1708 December 21: The English settlement at Newfoundland is captured by French and Indian forces. 1709 Massachusetts is becoming more willing to accept other religions as evidenced by the Quakers being allowed to establish a meeting house in Boston. 1710 October 5–13: The English capture Port Royal (Nova Scotia) and rename the settlement Annapolis. December 7: A deputy governor is appointed over North Carolina, although the Carolinas considered one colony. 1711 September 22: The Tuscarora Indian War begins when North Carolina settlers are killed by the Indians. 1712 The separation of North and South Carolina is officially enacted. June 7: Pennsylvania bans the import of slaves into the colony. 1713 March 23: When South Carolinian forces capture Fort Nohucke of the Tuscarora Indians, the remaining Indians flee north and join the Iroquois Nation, ending the Tuscarora War. April 11: The first of the peace treaties under the Treaty of Utrecht is signed, ending Queen Anne’s War. Acadia, Hudson Bay, and Newfoundland are given to the English. 1714 August 1: King George I becomes the King of England. He would reign until 1727.   Tea is introduced to the American colonies. 1715 February: Charles, the fourth Lord Baltimore successfully petitions the crown for return o Maryland, but he dies before taking control of the colony. 15 May: Maryland is restored to William, the fifth Lord Baltimore. 1717 Scots-Irish immigration begins in earnest due to higher rent rates in the Great Britain. 1718 Spring: New Orleans is founded (although not recorded,later the traditional date becomes May 7). May 1: The Spanish found the city of San Antonio in the Texas territory. The Valero  mission is established  at San Pedro Springs in present-day San Antonioby Fray Antonio de San Buenaventura y Olivares, a Franciscan missionary of the College of Santa Cruz de Querà ©taro. It would later be renamed the Alamo. 1719 May: Spanish settlers surrender Pensacola, Florida to French forces. Two ships of African slaves arrive in Louisiana, carrying rice farmers from the West Coast of Africa, the first enslaved Africans brought into the colony. 1720 The three largest cities in the colonies are Boston, Philadelphia, and New York City. 1721 South Carolina is named a royal colony and the first provisional governor arrives. April:  Robert Walpole becomes the English Chancellor of the Exchequer,and a period of â€Å"benign neglect† begins that will have huge ramifications in the years leading up to the American Revolution. 1722 The building later known as the Alamo is erected as a mission in San Antonio. 1723 Maryland requires the establishment of public schools in all counties. 1724 Fort Drummer is built as protection against the Abenaki, forming what would become the first permanent settlement in Vermont at present-day Brattleboro. 1725 There are an estimated 75,000 black slaves in the American colonies, out of a half-million non-Native American residents. Source Schlesinger, Jr., Arthur M., ed. The Almanac of American History. Barnes Nobles Books: Greenwich, CT, 1993.

The effect of liberation on economic growth of China Essay

The effect of liberation on economic growth of China - Essay Example After setting up of WTO with an aim to enhance international trade to a large extent by demolishing all kinds of trade barriers imposed by individual countries, the member states of WTO has been making extensive efforts to liberalize their trade with each other and with other countries as well. China is not an exception. In the china, efforts to liberalise trade by reducing different trade barriers have been started to be undertaken since the initiation of economic reform in this country during the decade of 1970s. Theory suggests a close link between foreign trade and economic growth. There have been a large number of theoretical and empirical works, which have tried to examine the link between international trade and economic growth. While a number of studies have found a positive association between enhanced international trade and economic growth, a large number of studies have also refuted the claim on the basis of their research that international trade facilitates economic growth. (Edwards, 1993) In the present study the case of China will be taken under consideration, as china has become one of the most powerful and rapidly growing economies in the present world. It would be very interesting to see how trade liberalization has affected economic growth in China. For this the period of 1970-2007 will be taken under consideration, as it was only in the decade of 1970’s (late 1970’s) when China put emphasis on the issue of trade liberalization as one of its economic reform policies. However, in this context, one thing should be mentioned that trade liberalization got a huge boost in China during 1990s as it was making its path easy to became a member of WTO during this period. Trade liberalization basically implies reduction in the tariff rates and removal of non-tariff barriers. Since late 1970s china has started to undertake several measures of trade liberalization to increase its foreign trade. This paper will

The paper will discuss how you will use horticulture in the future Term

The will discuss how you will use horticulture in the future. This can include career choices to being a homeowner - Term Paper Example After completion of school, I plan to become self employed through venturing into the horticulture sector. This is the form of agriculture where the farmer ventures into plants that mature within a short period for human use. Horticulture is becoming a popular trend in the globe due to increase in population, which reduces the land available for conventional farming. I will obtain a loan or grant from the government and lease a small piece of plant for farming. I plan to build a greenhouse, which will enable me to control the environment. The green house will enable me to grow a number of fast growing plants that will be sold in the local market. The funds from the sales will cater for personal expenses and service the loan acquired. The information learned from the agricultural class will enable me to select the right crops to plant depending on the demand in the market. Future earnings will be invested towards increasing the size of the green house. The target market will be the local food stores and grocery stores. The benefits of horticulture farming include the increased resistance to disease and natural conditions by the plants. I will ensure that the customers enjoy organic products free from any chemicals. The foods planted in the green house also highly nutritious compared to the foods planted in the open fields. This is because nutrients are not lost to the environment through leaching and erosion. I will practice mixed farming to ensure that nutrients are not used up in the soil. I also plan to rare animals like portray and rabbits to help replenish the nutrients in the soil. Droppings from the animals will help maintain the soil fertility (Shry & Reiley, 2011). Educating the future generation will ensure food security in the future. The youth should be taught how to undertake profitable farming that pays more than white-collar jobs. Smart farming ensures

Training Needs Assessment Essay Example for Free

Training Needs Assessment Essay Training and developing the workforce is an important activity for any activity. Before conducting a training program, organizations should conduct training-needs assessment. It will help the organization in identifying what training the employees have, what they’ll need now, and what will they need in the future. In other words, the needs assessment will help in identifying who needs the training, and what kind of training is needed. A needs assessment is conducted on three levels – organizational analysis, task analysis, and individual analysis. The organizational analysis looks at the training needs of the organization as a whole. It looks at how the changes in the macro environment affect the organization and what kind of training will be needed. In task analysis, training assessment about a job is made so as to achieve optimum productivity. In the end, individual analysis breaks down the need for each individual employee as to what kind of training he’ll need. (Barbazette, 2006) Conclusion We have identified numerous areas of HRM relating to labor relations, employee management and global HR that would be helpful to a small manufacturing plant. These are the core HR concepts that must be implemented in every organization. We’ve also identified how to prepare for collective bargaining process, and drafted a plan as to how to reduce accidents and stress on the plant floor. In conclusion, human resource management is very important for any kind of organization – big or small. Even small manufacturing plant must know how to motivate its employees. It should also keep in mind their training needs, how to evaluate them, and their incentive plans. Lastly, it should also be aware of the equal employment opportunity laws that are required by law. Reference Barbazette, J. (2006). Training Needs Assessment: Methods, Tools, and Techniques. Washington D. C. : Pfeiffer.

Cleopatra the Character, Historical Figure, and Myth :: William Shakespeare Plays Essays

Cleopatra the Character, Historical Figure, and Myth Cleopatra is a character in a Shakespeare play. Cleopatra is a historical figure. Cleopatra is a myth of our culture. Although each of these statements may be true, neither they, nor any other such statements can hope to adequately describe Cleopatra. Cleopatra is an emergent feature of a complex system; Cleopatra is greater than the sum of her parts. Emergent features are properties associated with complex systems that cannot be deduced simply from an analysis of the elements in the system; emergent features can only be explained in terms of the causal interaction among elements in the system. Cleopatra’s current status as an emergent entity is a result of the causal interactions between elements of the complex system that is our Heideggerian socio-cultural immersion, here represented by our notions of historical fact, our acceptance of dramatic representation, and our human predilection towards sin and vice. Cleopatra represents the salacious East, sensuality, and the immoral desire for the forbidden fruit; she captivates the imagination as the inheritor of the Egyptian myths, with the embalming of the dead, rituals, tombs, pyramids, gods, scarabs, scorpions, and horror film mummies. Central to Cleopatra’s emergence is our fascination with her powers to charm the virtuous, upright paradigmatic Roman, leading him, like the Serpent, down the path of Sin. Plutarch is explicit in his description of the corrupting influence of the East: But when he [Marc Antony] was once come into Asia†¦and that he had felt the riches and pleasures of the east parts†¦he easily fell again to his old licentious life. For straight one Anaxenor a player of the citherne, Xoutus a player of the flutes, Metrodorus a tumbler, and such a rabble of minstrels and fit ministers for the pleasures of Asia (who in fineness and flattery passed all the other plagues he brought with him out of Italy), all these flocked in his court, and bore the whole sway: and after that, all went awry. For everyone gave themselves to riot and excess†¦(696) On a larger view, Cleopatra is the embodiment of our western conception of the East as a realm of guilty, sensuous pleasures: it is the origin of spices, and the exotic tales of the Arabian Nights, and occult knowledge. The western notion of vice is encapsulated by the Seven Deadly Sins of the Roman Catholic Catechism, which are described by Chaucer in The Parson’s Tale: Now it is a fitting thing to tell what are the deadly sins, that is to say, the chieftains among sins.

Qin dynasty Essay

In 247 B. C, the self-proclaimed â€Å"first emperor of china† put together an enormous army of soldiers to fight the wars that ravaged all over china. The emperor seemed undefeatable and fearless, but deep inside he had a huge fear, that is†¦ death. A few years before he sensed the ending of his life, Emperor Cheng decided to recreate his entire army out of clay to protect him in his passage to the underworld. Sacrifices had before been used for grand burials as such where the army would die along with the emperor, but in a time like such the emperor knew this would cause china to be vulnerable and did not want to sacrifice the grand empire he had created for most of his life. This thus led to the creation of the elaborate tomb of the terra cotta warriors and their king. The emperor may have seemed nice to decide not to sacrifice anyone but the truth is many died in order for his wishes to be fulfilled. When he ordered the warriors to be made they did not magically appear from the soil beneath his feet. In order for them to be made he commanded hundreds, if no thousands of skilled artisans to create them. Each soldier needed to be different and represent a certain soldier. The artisan’s lives depended on these soldiers so the work ended up being quite elaborate and detailed. Each soldier, acrobat and archer, along with the horses, was all different, each with their own story to tell. They all had different expressions, stances, outfits, etc. Because of these intricate patterns and details, we can tell that these sculptors were not any joking matter. Human lives depended on each face, and tiny detail to be absolutely perfect and this was very complicated to do since each warrior was made using coiling method (based on archeological theories). No molds were being used, or anything that could make the job easier. Another thing that the terra cotta warriors tell us about China during the Qin Dynasty is that after the emperor passed away he may have wanted to take his empire with him, thus the reason of the huge army as well as other things found in his tomb. Small scales of palaces and buildings he had ordered to be built were also found in his tomb. The reason why this may have happened may have been so that he would have something to rule over in the afterlife. In ancient China it was believed that you continued on into the afterlife as you were when you died, especially where social status was concerned. The higher status you had in life, the closer to Shang Di (the Lord of the afterlife) you would be in the afterlife. Having a complete representation of his empire and the things he commanded, including the terra cotta army, allowed Qin to enter the afterlife with a clear proof of his status that could not be challenged by the lord. The artists that used the terracotta clay were often threatened to be hurt by the king. To make it impossible to be punished for little errors on their work, they made their signatures hard to find on the soldiers. One rule was set though: The artist MUST put his name on the sculpture. Emperor Qin made it his duty to punish whoever didn’t follow this rule, and would kill or mutilate over hundreds of the sculptors every year. With that stress on their shoulders, the workers had no room for error. They had to follow all the rules and could most definitely not stand up for others and themselves. That would be a death sentence in itself. Once the emperor Qin died, the people made it their duty to seal his coffin properly so that he would remain well preserved. Despite the people not having to worry about the king, the people still feared the emperor coming back from the dead, and to the people an angry emperor’s soul would mean bad luck to all the people of the Qin dynasty.

A Personal Philosophy of Teaching: To Teach is to Learn

When I consider the inquiry, what is my doctrine of learning I would state it was summed up in five words – To learn is to larn. Get downing from the point of the definition of the verb to learn, as â€Å" to leave cognition or accomplishments † ( Dictionary.com, 2010 ) and larning as â€Å" to get cognition of or skill by survey, direction or experience † ( Dictionary.com, 2010 ) I would reason that although we may larn by a assortment of agencies, but to be able to learn we must all first be scholars. In my hubris, I would hold liked this to hold been a statement of a completely original thought, but this is non the instance! â€Å" Docendo Discimus † ( by learning we learn ) is ascribed to Seneca the Younger ( in Stone, 2004 ) . I believe that going a good instructor requires one first to be a good scholar and this is an reverberation of the words of Josef Joubert – to learn is to larn twice. ( Answers.com, 2010 ) I have arrived at this belief, because of my personal experience. To go a good instructor, I would speculate that one time we are ready to learn, we have achieved a grade of apprehension by larning, which enables us to pass on this to another individual. My experience has been that whenever I have taught another individual, I have ever been clear in my ain head that I must truly understand the topic that I am learning beforehand. This thought is borne out and demonstrated in some of the modern methods of learning including clinical accomplishments, such as that described by Lake and Hamdorf ( 2004 ) when they describe an effectual method of learning clinical accomplishments integrating observation, contemplation and feedback in add-on to stairss whereby cognition or accomplishments held by the instructor are demonstrated and hopefully transferred to a pupil. However, this method begins with an premise and incorporates the concept that the instructor has already learnt a procedure or cognition and is able to show their apprehension to another – who can so continue to perpetuate the cognition to another scholar if they are an able adequate instructor! For the interest of statement, we could see that it may be possible to prosecute in the procedure of learning without cognition. Whilst Ramsden ( 2003 ) may be able propose rules in effectual instruction, albeit in a University scene, without consideration of the proviso of cognition to a pupil, in pattern when learning for illustration utilizing a technique such as the five-step â€Å" microskills † theoretical account described by Nehar et Al ( 1992:419-424 ) , this procedure still requires the instructor to hold cognition to learn general regulations and recognise and right errors. Removing these facets from the technique though and we are left with a theoretical account that has some similarities to procedures within independent larning. This gives consideration to the thought that acquisition is improved by counsel by a knowing instructor.Personal Experience – Self Directed Autonomous LearningWhen I was a 13 twelvemonth old male child, I stopped go toing mainstream schooling. This was a consequence of household circumstance, but besides to some extent a consequence of my male parent ‘s positions of instruction, which included thoughts about experiential and independent acquisition, shying off from the pedagogi c behavioral theoretical accounts of larning and his belief I could larn in a different manner. I was now in a state of affairs where instructors were no longer present teaching me, although I remember a conversation with my male parent, when I expressed my anxiousnesss I would non be able to larn, that he would â€Å" happen person † who had sufficient cognition or experience to assist me, for illustration in analyzing Gallic rather simplistically, he would inquire a friend who spoke French to learn me although with the caution I would learn them English! At the clip this seemed to me to be unjust, but now in hindsight whether he knew it or non, it would look my male parent ascribed to Social Development Theory as described by Vygotsky ( 1978 ) , with the engagement of a â€Å" More Knowing Other † to steer me through my independent acquisition as required, with a rule of reciprocality between instructor and pupil. Consequently, non merely was this a different manner of acquisition, this became my first experience of instruction, where I as an stripling was the m ore knowledgable, with regard to talk English than my big pupil! However, this seldom arose and I was basically in a place to larn what and when I wanted, holding duty for my ain surveies, which could be described as ego directed, which as described by Malcolm Knowles ( 1975: 18 ) is a procedure: ‘ †¦ in which persons take the enterprise, with or without the aid of others ‘ †¦ ‘identifying human and material resources for larning ‘ .Reflection – Adult Learning PrinciplesThis experience highlighted for me that a differentiation between larning as a kid or an grownup is slightly arbitrary. I understand now that at this clip I was successful, non because I was intelligent, clever or resourceful, but because to be able to larn at this clip I held some personal properties which are frequently described within grownup larning rules including a preparedness to larn, motive to larn, increasing liberty and autonomy. How I came to hold these properties is ill-defined to myself, but I think it would be improbable to be the consequence of instructional instruction, but more likely to be a procedure happening during growing and development with the acquisition of experiences. I would reason that the amount of my experiential acquisition to this poi nt contributed to these properties. In rule hence if these properties were apparent or could be encouraged in an person, it could be argued that we could wholly be self directed scholars, taking duty for our ain acquisition and independently could draw a bead on to so pass on our cognition or accomplishments to others i.e. Teach. I would reason that through the procedure of larning we are able to go more cognizant of our ain ability – as described by Kolb ( 1984 ) , the rhythm of larning through experience, includes contemplation and I would propose that during this phase of an person ‘s acquisition there is the possible to recognize their ain competences, including whether they could pass on their competency to another individual.Why is learning larning?To depict the phases of learning with an person, I would state this includes measuring what they already know, theoretical account by illustration and show what they should cognize or be able to make, research what they have begun to larn and begun to inqu iry, usher to back up them geting more cognition or show apprehension of what they already know and disputing them to prove that cognition has non merely been learnt but can be applied. Within the procedure of learning there is non merely an chance to show competency in our cognition and apprehension of a topic, but besides to go on to larn. The features of grownup larning describes procedures by which we may larn through experience and contemplation. In relation to learning another individual, we have an chance to prosecute in a rhythm of larning through the experience with the potency for contemplation which enables the instructor to go a scholar besides. To show apprehension and that acquisition has been achieved, I believe the procedure of instruction can play an of import function in showing an person ‘s competency. Returning to the subject earlier in the debut sing the instruction of clinical accomplishments, there is a focal point within these learning methods that for the acquisition of accomplishments, the function of the instructor is to ease motion through phases or a rhythm of larning from unconscious incompetency to unconscious competency. ( Lake and Hamford 2004 ) . This clearly follows on from the work of George Miller ( 1990 ) who proposed appraisal models for measuring competency within a clinical scene. It should be noted that within some learning methods there is the incorporation of contemplation and feedback which enables an chance for a duologue between the instructor and the student and would organize the footing of a learning experience for both parties. Feedback and contemplation are clearly distinguishable concepts. I see contemplation as a procedure of internal duologue with oneself, which occurs for everyone following any interaction within our environment. With Kolb ‘s theoretical account of experiential acquisition, brooding observation is an indispensable constituent, enabling processing and integrating of thoughts. Feedback is the reception of societal interaction from another, which enables us to measure ourselves, in footings of our public presentation, functions and effectivity and supports and enables internal contemplation. I think feedback has an of import function in lending to us separately being able to measure our personal development and provides us with an indicant as to our degree of competency. The thoughts within the theoretical account of four phases of larning from incompetency to competence appear inexplicably enmeshed with rules from grownup acquisition and experiential acquisition, including constructs of self-awareness, motive and that without contemplation there can be no patterned advance through the phases. For a pupil, I feel that the procedure within feedback facilitates persons to travel from a place of unconscious incompetency to witting competency. Ultimately, the ability to consciously concentrate on our ain pattern enables us to larn and accommodate to new state of affairss and challenges within our environment. When this is extrapolated to the function of instructor, to be in a place to learn another individual would hold begun with a journey from unconscious incompetency, and through acquisition and contemplation have become consciously competent. I would propose though that as a instructor, due to the mutual nature of the interaction with person acquisition and as a effect of brooding observation of the results of instruction, passage between the competence phases would happen, as the instructor learnt farther accomplishments in communicating with their pupils and would ensue in unconscious competency. Hence, the procedure of learning itself can ease continued larning for an person who is engaged in learning. An person to whom this procedure applies would go competent over clip. This poses a inquiry though that one time an person has learnt something and besides can show or pass on this to another individual ( Teach ) , has the acquisition of this province of understanding resulted in the surcease of experiential acquisition? Would at that place be any farther motive for an person who was unconsciously competent to go on to larn accomplishments or knowledge? Whereas the theoretical account of four phases of larning includes a measure of loss of competency, it does non turn to the continued possible experiential acquisition of an person who is unconsciously competent. Logically, we can ne'er be to the full cognizant and knowing about everything and therefore we will ever be unconsciously unqualified to some grade, so at that place will ever be the chance to larn more. An consciousne ss of our ain restrictions, through a procedure of contemplation, could be thought of as a farther phase in the phases of larning – brooding incompetency, whereby we can place shortages in our apprehension or abilities which require us to return to a province of witting incompetency. I would propose that this is a procedure which finally drives our continued acquisition, that realization thrust us, fuel us to go on to larn.DrumheadI have described that my doctrine of instruction is that to learn is to larn. I have described how single acquisition may be self directed, but besides benefits from counsel from others and that the procedure of trying to learn is rooted in foremost larning. I have described that rules of experiential acquisition may be experienced by a instructor and impact upon their ain acquisition, with procedures of contemplation and feedback. I have described how these mechanisms may enable the development of increasing competence. In decision, I would depict a good instructor as an person who has learnt, synthesised and integrated cognition and skill into apprehension, which they may convey to another, whilst being cognizant they themselves have shortages within their cognition base, a province of brooding incompetency, which does non suppress them from researching further their ain acquisition. We can merely learn when we have learnt and we can merely learn what we have learnt.

How a Writing Service Can Help with the Dissertation Writing

How a Writing Service Can Help with the Dissertation Writing Dissertations. They are huge projects and students who must produce them have never completed this kind of academic project before. If you are in this situation, there is a lot of hep available through the right dissertation writing services help. The key here, of course, is the term right. You have to find the right service to help you a professional one that has a Ph.D. in your research field who can act as a consultant, advisor, researcher, and even writer. You may not know exactly what kind of help you will need as you go through the process, but having that personal helper will be critical. What a Dissertation Help Se rvice Can and Cannot Do First, lets be clear. A professional dissertation writing service will not claim to be able to conduct your original research study for you. Any company that claims it can produce the entire piece, and produce it in short order, is fraudulent. You and your advisor have agreed upon a research question and a study that you will conduct. That study will be completed locally, by you. You have to implement it and gather the data. Remote dissertation help services cannot do this for you. So, instead, lets look at what a professional dissertation writing service CAN do for you. Your Proposal Proposals are hard to put together, and approval is often not given the first time. If you have a Ph.D. consultant in your research field, however, you have someone who can craft a proposal that will be approved. Why? Because s/he has written many of these before and has the expertise. So, you can submit your research question and your department guidelines and even your rough draft of a proposal and get a polished piece that will pass muster. That Literature Review This is the least exciting part of the project, and you will run into a lot of dead ends. As you pour through prior research. A writing service consultant, however, is totally familiar with the existing literature, can access the most current relevant, and craft a literature review that will be scholarly and amazing. Your Research Design and Instruments This is an area of dissertation writing services help that can prove to be invaluable. Designing an original research project and choosing or creating the right instruments for that study can be challenging, at best. At worst, they can be the cause of stress and frustration. A PH.D. consultant from your field can help create that research design and suggest existing/validated instruments or help you craft original ones that will get you the data you need and eliminate those nuisance factors. Presentation of Your Data One chapter of your dissertation will be devoted to your methodology, and it will describe how you collected your data, as well as present that data itself. This will require graphical presentations as well as prose explanations. Your consultant will know how best to present that data, so that a reader can fully understand it. The Data Analysis Here is the most important chapter of your dissertation. The data will have to be statistically analyzed, in order to show the significance of your study. While technology has really simplified this process, there is the issue of choosing the right formulae and entering that data correctly. If you are not a mathematician, this can be a challenging task, and no mistakes can be made. Here is where your consultant can be of huge help. S/he can crunch that data correctly and product the charts, graphs, and prose analysis that you need. The Conclusion This is a hard chapter to write. You have to answer your research question, and you have to explain the significance of your study to your field of knowledge. You also have to identify and constraints, nuisance factors, and gaps, as you make recommendations to future researchers. This chapter requires a high level of organization. If you are struggling with it, your consultant can help. Producing that dissertation can be at least a year-long process, if not more. And it is the rare Ph.D. candidate that does not seek some outside help. If you have a consultant on call to provide the help you need when you need it, you are going to find the entire process much less stressful. And, you will end up with a dissertation that your committee will love.

Why CO2 Isnt an Organic Compound

Why CO2 Isn't an Organic Compound If organic chemistry is the study of carbon, then why isnt carbon dioxide considered to be an organic compound? The answer is because organic molecules dont just contain carbon. They contain hydrocarbons or carbon bonded to hydrogen. The C-H bond has lower bond energy than the carbon-oxygen bond in carbon dioxide, making carbon dioxide  (CO2) more stable/less reactive than the typical organic compound. So, when youre determining whether a carbon compound is organic or not, look to see whether it contains hydrogen in addition to carbon and whether the carbon is bonded to the hydrogen. Past Methods of Distinguishing Between Organic and Inorganic Although carbon dioxide contains carbon and has covalent bonds, it also fails the older test for whether or not a compound could be considered organic: Could a compound be produced from inorganic sources? Carbon dioxide occurs naturally from processes that are definitely not organic. It is released from volcanoes, minerals, and other inanimate sources. This definition of organic fell apart when chemists started to synthesize organic compounds from inorganic sources. For example, Wohler made urea (an organic) from ammonium chloride and potassium cyanate. In the case of carbon dioxide, yes, living organisms produce it, but so do many other natural processes. Thus, it was classified as inorganic. Other Examples of Inorganic Carbon Molecules Carbon dioxide isnt the only compound that contains carbon but isnt organic. Other examples include carbon monoxide (CO), sodium bicarbonate, iron cyanide complexes, and carbon tetrachloride. As you might expect, elemental carbon isnt organic either. Amorphous carbon, buckminsterfullerene, graphite, and diamond are all inorganic.

Financial and Resource Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Financial and Resource Management - Essay Example Therefore the net cost of training amounts to $60 only. But this is a good arrangement as it will save the time taken for the repair of the machine thereby keeping the revenues flowing. As per the Quantitative analysis tools like NPV, IRR etc the new investment proposal is viable. A forecast of the revenue for the four year period highlights that the new investment will generate positive net cash flows. The Leisure and Health Club, the gym facility at Bombay Excelsior is planning to refurbish itself to keep in line with Excelsior International standards. For this the club plans to purchase new equipments, as the equipments currently in use do not meet quality requirements. For the purchase of equipments the hotel has a number of options- it can either buy the equipments outright or it can take a lease. The budgets are designed to direct the organization towards the achievement of the business objectives. There can be three types of budgeting approaches like Incremental Budgeting, Zero-based budgeting and Mixed Approach. The Incremental budgeting is based on the estimates of the last year, Zero-based budgeting is done afresh and Mixed Approach, as the name implies, comprises the elements of both the incremental and zero-based budgeting. The budgeted estimates are then compared with the actual results to identify any deviations. In the event of unfavourable or adverse variance corrective action is initiated. In the financial year 2009 Bombay Excelsior estimated a Total Income of $7421200. But the actual income during the period was $6817500. This shows that there is an Unfavourable variance in the estimated Total Income of $603900. The highest deviation in this regard has been in the case of Room Revenue and Food Revenue whereas actual Beverage and Other Revenue match their budgeted projections. In December 2009 the Planned Total Income was

Retailing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Retailing - Essay Example Their major focus is on loyalty to customer from wide demographic market segment that caters constantly to their changing preferences. Kotler and Armstrong (2009) have described marketing as major component of business strategy that helps to meet the changing needs and requirements of the people profitably. The success of LuLu Hypermarkets shows that it understands changing consumer psychology. It continuously strives to update its products line with that of the changing public demands. By introducing latest products and excellent services at competitive prices, it has earned significant customer loyalty that prefer to shop here than elsewhere. LuLu has earned market credibility mainly because of its efforts to maintain high quality of its in-house brands and at the same time, providing its customers with wide range of branded products from across the world, thus promoting customer satisfaction. The main reason it has earned customer loyalty is by providing them with unique shopping experience. Through strategic business alliances, it has considerably increased its organizational capabilities to meet the challenges of cut throat business. Scholars have asserted that creating values for customer has become the need of the hour (Gabriel, 2005:14). LuLu’s retail strategy has also used customers’ preferences as its major objective to forge business liaisons and partnership so it can cater to the demands of its diverse customers coming from different market segments. Thus, value creation for its customers through customized services and quality has become its hallmark. LuLu hypermarkets are spread over very large areas keeping in mind all conceivable needs of customers coming from diverse background. They even have banking counters for money exchange and provide shoppers with huge facilities like convenient parking, playground for children, cafeteria. The chic and friendly ambience of ultra

Companys Business Foundation and Deliberate Threats to Information Sy Assignment - 8

Companys Business Foundation and Deliberate Threats to Information Systems - Assignment Example These two threats to the foundation of a company are specific in threatening the company’s survival as both a sustainable entity and a competitive rival to other companies as well. In a revelation of these threats, CSOs should be aware that rival companies and/or private groups can use espionage as a means to acquire the company information illegally. While the issue of espionage may be addressed as an external threat, in most cases, CIOs should be aware that internal activities exposing critical information to employees can lead to espionage. This means that through an illegal acquisition of that information, employees in firms can facilitate the damaging of the business foundation of the company by selling the information to rivals. Additionally, information extortion is another area where CSOs should be aware of when it comes to business foundation. In order to secure a company’s business foundation, the CSO should be aware that illegal access to information can lead to corporate blackmail. This process involves a hacker or a holder of sensitive information who agrees to give up information or not to disclose it for a fee. The motive of information extortion is to create value by pointing out the possible losses that would be incurred if the information was accessed by rival companies Information (Security, pp. 103-104). CSOs must be equipped with the information regarding the value of the company data and how such information can be harmful if it was lost or accessed by unauthorized personnel. When CSOs are aware of the information value, two primary corporate cyber threats are considered. Firstly, the CSO should be aware that information loss can result from sabotage and vandalism. Although companies do not have social enemies, they have financial rivals who thrive to push as many of their competitors out of business. By damaging or rendering a company’s information database unusable, a company is unable to move on as it has to accommodate all direct losses, lawsuits, and possible closures (Information Security, pp. 104-105).

Effect of Buprenorphine on Postoperative Pain Levels

Effect of Buprenorphine on Postoperative Pain Levels Katelyn Shultz Nurse Anesthesia ABSTRACT In recent years, buprenorphine has become an increasingly popular choice for managing opioid dependence; however, buprenorphine’s unique mechanism of action can make treating acute pain more complicated. In opioid-dependent patients managed with buprenorphine, would continuing buprenorphine therapy during the perioperative period affect postoperative pain levels? The research method for this study is a formal literature review. I predict that continuing buprenorphine throughout the perioperative period will improve postoperative pain levels in opioid-dependent patients maintained on buprenorphine. INTRODUCTION In recent years, buprenorphine has become an increasingly popular choice in the treatment of opioid dependence. Even though it is a partial mu agonist, buprenorphine is known to have high mu-receptor affinity. When buprenorphine is continued throughout the perioperative period, this property may reduce the effectiveness of other full mu agonist opioids. As a result, this pharmacological trait introduces an obstacle for successful treatment of acute surgical pain in the patient taking chronic buprenorphine. The clinician must choose the best option for this patient, to continue or discontinue buprenorphine therapy during the perioperative period. BACKGROUND AND SIGNIFICANCE It is imperative to establish evidence-based practice guidelines regarding the best method of acute pain management for patients taking chronic buprenorphine. As buprenorphine use increases, healthcare providers will encounter opioid-dependent patients taking chronic buprenorphine with higher frequency in the surgical setting.1 Although the positive outcomes of buprenorphine use are comprehensively researched and well documented, the evidence regarding the perioperative continuation or suspension of buprenorphine is limited and inconsistent. As a result, prescribers may avoid buprenorphine altogether, ultimately preventing more patients from receiving a potentially superior treatment. Perioperative is defined as the phase immediately prior, during, and immediately after a surgical procedure. Postoperative period is defined as the phase after a surgical procedure is performed. Buprenorphine maintenance therapy (BMT) is defined as a sustained dose of buprenorphine taken by an opioid-dependent patient for an indefinite period of time. Methadone maintenance therapy (BMT) is defined as a sustained dose of methadone taken by an opioid-dependent patient for an indefinite period of time. Full mu opioid agonists activate mu receptors until a maximum effect is reached or the receptor is fully activated. Methadone, morphine, and oxycodone are examples of full mu agonists. Partial mu opioid agonists bind to receptors and partially activate them, but not to the same degree as do full agonists. Partial mu agonists can also displace full mu agonists from receptors. Buprenorphine is a partial mu agonist. Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) is any method of allowing a person in pai n to administer their own pain relief. METHODS The research method for this study was a formal literature review. The purpose of this study was to answer the question, in opioid-dependent patients managed with buprenorphine, would continuing buprenorphine therapy during the perioperative period affect postoperative pain levels? I searched the database SuperSearch. The key terms for this search were (pain management OR treatment), buprenorphine, and (perioperative OR intraoperative OR postoperative) using the Boolean operator AND. I limited results to peer-reviewed academic journal articles published in English from 2004-2014. Initial results were refined using the inclusion criteria of patients maintained on buprenorphine therapy prior to surgery and perioperative pain management, and the exclusion criteria of animal studies and buprenorphine administration techniques: epidural, intrathecal, perineural, subcutaneous, and transdermal. REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE The purpose of these studies is to examine perioperative acute pain management in opioid-tolerant patients taking BMT. The type of studies include a retrospective cohort study, literature reviews, and case reports examining a population of people taking chronic buprenorphine. Buprenorphine may be a more preferable method than methadone for chronic opioid replacement therapy. The use of buprenorphine has been associated with improvement in education, social life, and toxicological conditions when compared to methadone.1 Buprenorphine is also perceived to have less adverse effects and social stigma than methadone.2 In addition, buprenorphine’s full opioid agonist effects are lower compared to methadone, improving its safety profile.3 Buprenorphine may also induce less hyperalgesia than full agonists, although this has yet to be confirmed.2 In support of this statement, however, Koppert et al4 found that the antihyperalgesic effects of buprenorphine were stronger and of longer duration as compared with the pure mu receptor agonist studied in the same model. Though some researchers recommend a transition from buprenorphine to a full mu agonist preoperatively, an interruption in BMT is not ideal. A drug holiday or transition to other chronic opioids, such as methadone, prior to surgery may lead to simplified sedation techniques; however, it is time consuming and unnecessary, and alternatives should be considered.1 It is best that patients with opioid dependence be in some early withdrawal before initiating treatment with buprenorphine.5 As a result, when a patient transitioned to methadone prior to surgery returns to their previous dose of buprenorphine postoperatively, withdrawal may occur.1 Additionally, for patients switched from BMT to MMT preoperatively, methadone must be ceased for at least 36 hours and the patient should experience mild withdrawal symptoms before buprenorphine is restarted.6 In contrast to these recommendations, the retention of buprenorphine was found to be better in heroin addicts with less morbidity if buprenorp hine was not rapidly withdrawn, but continued for up to 350 days.5 When chronic buprenorphine doses were continued throughout perioperative period, patients were able to achieve good pain control with additional opioids and/or additional buprenorphine doses. In a small series of 5 patients, adequate pain control was achieved when other full mu agonist opioids were given as needed in addition to the patient’s usual daily dose of buprenorphine.7 In another study,8 the patient achieved adequate pain control on postoperative day 1 and 2 with a total daily buprenorphine dose of 72 mg, and was able to successfully and comfortable taper to her baseline dose of 24 mg/d by day 11. Furthermore, Jones et al9 reported the buprenorphine-managed patient scored 0 out of 10 on all 6 post morphine-PCA pain assessments, and 0 to 5 out of 10 on all post discharge pain assessments while taking buprenorphine and oxycodone/acetaminophen. Only 1 study10 reported severe postoperative pain control with the continuation of buprenorphine during the perioperative period. The study10 highlighted a case report for one patient with Type I Chiari malformation receiving buprenorphine for chronic pain who underwent two identical surgical procedures. For the first procedure, the patient’s usual dose of buprenorphine was continued throughout the perioperative period, and a full mu agonist was used for postoperative pain.10 The patient reported severe postoperative pain after this procedure.10 This information is limited, however, by self-report. No documentation was obtained from the outside hospital where the first procedure was performed.10 The author is a representative for the hospital where the second procedure was performed.10 For the second procedure, the patient’s buprenorphine was discontinued 5 days prior to surgery, and the patient was transitioned to a full opioid agonsist.10 Again, the patient’s p ostoperative pain was managed with a full opioid receptor agonist.10 Though the patient reported acceptable pain control on postoperative day 1, the patient’s pain was reported at 7 to 8/10 immediately after surgery.10 Although some researchers suggest that buprenorphine decreases full mu agonist opioid’s effectiveness, many found the addition of full mu agonists in the perioperative setting to be beneficial for buprenorphine-maintained patients. Buprenorphine’s long half-life, high opioid receptor affinity, partial agonist activity, and slow dissociation from the mu receptor may reduce analgesic effectiveness of full mu opioid agonists; however, the data does not support the commonly held belief that high dose BMT will interfere with the activity of full mu agonist opioids given for the relief of postoperative pain.6 Morphine has been shown to be an effective breakthrough medication to control postoperative pain in buprenorphine-maintained patients.11 In a retrospective cohort study, Macintyre et al6 confirmed BMT patients who were not given buprenorphine the day after surgery had significantly higher (P=.02) PCA morphine equivalent requirements in the first 24 hours after surgery co mpared with those who were given their usual dose of buprenorphine. In another uncontrolled comparison of BMT and MMT groups, researchers12 found that the first 24 hour postoperative PCA opioid requirements were lower for BMT and MMT groups when maintenance drugs were continued compared with BMT and MMT groups whose maintenance drugs had been ceased perioperatively. Despite the fact that one report6 showed a reduction in whole brain mu receptor availability with high doses of buprenorphine, several studies demonstrated that there is no ceiling effect for the analgesic properties of buprenorphine, only for an opioid’s euphoric effects and respiratory depression. It has been shown that buprenorphine attenuates the effects of additional opioid agonists rather than exert an absolute ceiling effect, and this minimizes euphoric properties of concurrently administered opioids and discourages the likelihood of ongoing opioid abuse.2 Macintyre et al6 also revealed that PCA opioid requirements were lower when BMT was continued after surgery, implying that buprenorphine may still have analgesic effects. Walsh et al13 documented no ceiling effect for analgesia in patients that received sublingual buprenorphine up to 32 mg. As there are no additional opioid effects with escalating doses, this property limits abuse potential and minimizes respiratory d epression with high doses.2 In a study of 20 volunteers, Dahan et al14 confirmed buprenorphine’s ceiling effect on respiratory depression, but not on its analgesic effects. As buprenorphine demonstrates a ceiling effect for respiratory depression, it is safe for outpatient use in high doses; however, when used in conjunction with sedatives, a synergistic effect in respiratory depression may occur. One case report8 verified that a high daily dose of buprenorphine (72 mg) was safely used as an outpatient dose, though no other respiratory depressants were used. Combining benzodiazepines with buprenorphine can exert a synergistic effect on the central nervous system resulting in sedation and respiratory depression.11 Deaths from buprenorphine have been reported, but it has been suggested that these deaths predominantly occurred as a result of prolonged respiratory depression when administered with sedatives, particularly benzodiazepines.2 There is no consensus on recommendations regarding acute pain management for buprenorphine-maintained patients presenting to the perioperative setting and more research is needed. Some articles2,5,11 recommend the cessation of buprenorphine preoperatively and conversion to a full opioid agonist throughout the perioperative period. Conversely, others1,2,5,8 demonstrate successful pain management in the acute pain setting with divided daily and/or additional doses of buprenorphine. The majority of researchers,2,3,5,9,11,15 however, support the continuation of usual buprenorphine maintenance therapy with the addition of full mu agonist opioid analgesics for effective perioperative pain control. There are no recommendations based on high level evidence,15 and data is sparse regarding the best method of treatment for pain in the opioid-dependent population.5 Regardless of point of view, most studies agree that additional research regarding acute pain management for patients taking chronic buprenorphine is urgently needed.5,10,11 DISCUSSION It is clear that buprenorphine is a better alternative than methadone for the treatment of opioid dependence. Associated with less respiratory depression and a lower abuse profile, buprenorphine is a safer medication than methadone and can be used without difficulty in outpatient therapy. With a long half-life and slow dissociation time, buprenorphine can also be dosed less frequently. Buprenorphine has also been known to cause less side effects than methadone. All of these features can increase adherence to opioid replacement therapy by allowing the opioid-dependent patient a less restrictive lifestyle. There is a great deal of uncertainty regarding the best method for treating acute surgical pain in patients taking chronic buprenorphine. There are multiple recommendations regarding perioperative pain management and BMT; however, most methods are developed from the results of uncontrolled studies with very small sampling sizes. Consequently, few are able to establish actual significance in their findings. Without concrete evidence, concise standard recommendations are difficult to establish. CONCLUSION Based on the literature, the continuation of BMT during the perioperative period with the addition of short acting full mu opioids and/or additional buprenorphine doses is the best approach to treating acute surgical pain. For future research, more controlled studies with larger sample sizes are needed in order to confirm the best method of acute pain management in the surgical setting for patient’s taking chronic buprenorphine. References Wasson M, Beirne O. Buprenorphine therapy: an increasing challenge in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2013;(2):142. Available from: Academic OneFile, Ipswich, MA. Accessed June 3, 2014. Roberts D, Meyer-Witting M. High-dose buprenorphine: perioperative precautions and management strategies. Anaesth Intensive Care. February 2005;33(1):17-25. Available from: MEDLINE, Ipswich, MA. Accessed June 10, 2014. Bryson E, Lipson S, Gevirtz C. Anesthesia for Patients on Buprenorphine. Anesthesiol Clin. January 1, 2010;28(Perioperative Pharmacotherapy):611-617. Available from: ScienceDirect, Ipswich, MA. Accessed June 3, 2014. Koppert W, Ihmsen H, Korber N, et al. Different profiles of buprenorphineinduced analgesia and antihyperalgesia in a human pain model. Pain 2005;118(1–2):15–22. Cited by: Vadivelu N, Anwar M. Buprenorphine in Postoperative Pain Management. Anesthesiol Clin. January 1, 2010;28(Perioperative Pharmacotherapy):601-609. Available from: ScienceDirect, Ipswich, MA. Accessed June 3, 2014. Vadivelu N, Mitra S, Kaye A, Urman R. Perioperative analgesia and challenges in the drug-addicted and drug-dependent patient. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol. March 2014;28(1):91. Available from: Supplemental Index, Ipswich, MA. Accessed June 10, 2014. Macintyre P, Russell R, Usher K, Gaughwin M, Huxtable C. Pain relief and opioid requirements in the first 24 hours after surgery in patients taking buprenorphine and methadone opioid substitution therapy. Anaesth Intensive Care. March 2013;41(2):222-230. Available from: Academic Search Premier, Ipswich, MA. Accessed June 3, 2014. Kornfield H, Manfredi L. Effectiveness of full agonist opioids in patients stabilized on buprenorphine undergoing major surgery: a case series. Am J Ther 2010;17:523-528. Cited by: Huxtable C, Roberts L, Somogyi A, Macintyre P. Acute pain management in opioid-tolerant patients: a growing challenge. Anaesth Intensive Care. September 2011;39(5):804-823. Available from: Academic Search Premier, Ipswich, MA. Accessed June 3, 2014. Book S, Myrick H, Malcolm R, Strain E. Buprenorphine for postoperative pain following general surgery in a buprenorphine-maintained patient. Am J Psychiatry. June 2007;164(6)Available from: PsycINFO, Ipswich, MA. Accessed June 3, 2014. Jones H, Johnson R, Milio L. Post-cesarean pain management of patients maintained on methadone or buprenorphine. Am J Addict. May 2006;15(3):258-259. Available from: MEDLINE, Ipswich, MA. Accessed June 3, 2014. Chern S, Isserman R, Chen L, Ashburn M, Liu R. Perioperative Pain Management for Patients on Chronic Buprenorphine: A Case Report. J Anesth Clin Res. October 2012;3(10):1. Available from: Supplemental Index, Ipswich, MA. Accessed June 3, 2014. Vadivelu N, Anwar M. Buprenorphine in Postoperative Pain Management. Anesthesiol Clin. January 1, 2010;28(Perioperative Pharmacotherapy):601-609. Available from: ScienceDirect, Ipswich, MA. Accessed June 3, 2014. Russell R, Usher K, Macintyre PE. A comparison of postoperative opioid requirements and effectiveness in methadone- and buprenorphine-maintained patients. Anaesth Intensive Care. 2011;39:726-727. Cited by: Huxtable C, Roberts L, Somogyi A, Macintyre P. Acute pain management in opioid-tolerant patients: a growing challenge. Anaesth Intensive Care. September 2011;39(5):804-823. Available from: Academic Search Premier, Ipswich, MA. Accessed June 3, 2014. Walsh SL, Preston KL, Stitzer ML, et al. Clinical pharmacology of buprenorphine: ceiling effects at high doses. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1994;55(5):569–80. Cited by: Vadivelu N, Anwar M. Buprenorphine in Postoperative Pain Management. Anesthesiol Clin. January 1, 2010;28(Perioperative Pharmacotherapy):601-609. Available from: ScienceDirect, Ipswich, MA. Accessed June 3, 2014. Dahan A, Yassen A, Romberg R, et al. Buprenorphine induces ceiling in respiratory depression but not in analgesia. Br J Anaesth. 2006;96(5):627–32. Cited by: Vadivelu N, Anwar M. Buprenorphine in Postoperative Pain Management. Anesthesiol Clin. January 1, 2010;28(Perioperative Pharmacotherapy):601-609. Available from: ScienceDirect, Ipswich, MA. Accessed June 3, 2014. Huxtable C, Roberts L, Somogyi A, Macintyre P. Acute pain management in opioid-tolerant patients: a growing challenge. Anaesth Intensive Care. September 2011;39(5):804-823. Available from: Academic Search Premier, Ipswich, MA. Accessed June 3, 2014. 1

Sylvia Plath’s Mourning and Creativity Essay -- Sylvia Plath

Sylvia Plath’s Mourning and Creativity Abstract In this article, I concentrate on the connection between mourning and creativity in Sylvia Plath’s work. Melanie Klein postulates that the pain of mourning and the reparation experienced in the depressive position is the basis of creative activity. Through creative activity, one can restore lost internal and external objects and lost happiness. I argue that Plath’s work is an example of Klein’s idea that artists’ creative products represent the process of mourning. For Plath, art -- in her case, writing -- was a compensation for loss, especially the loss of her father. She seems to have continued writing as her exercise in mourning and reparation trying to regain not only her bereaved father but also her internal good object which was lost when her father died. Through her writing, Plath attempted to enrich her ego with the father-object. Keywords: Sylvia Plath, Melanie Klein, mourning, creativity, reparation In her paper, â€Å"Mourning and its Relation to Manic-Depressive States,† Melanie Klein claims that the work of mourning is a reliving of the early depressive position. I would like to quote Klein's account: My experience leads me to conclude that, while it is true that the characteristic feature of normal mourning is the individual's setting up the lost loved object inside himself, he is not doing so for the first time but, through the work of mourning, is reinstating that object as well as all his loved internal objects which he feels he has lost. He is therefore recovering what he had already attained in childhood. (Klein, 1988a, p. 362) According to Klein's hypothesis, the loss of the present object in the external world brings with it the mourner's unc... ...lath, 2000, p. 300). Works Cited Arnold, Matthew, The Poems of Matthew Arnold, ed. by Kenneth Allott, 2nd ed. by Miriam Allott (London: Longman, 1979). Ellmann, Maud, ed., Psychoanalytic Literary Criticism (London/ New York: Longman, 1994). Melanie Klein, Love, Guilt and Reparation (London: Virago, 1988a). ---, Envy and Gratitude (London: Virago, 1988b). Plath, Sylvia, Letters Home: Correspondence 1950-1963, ed. by Aurelia Schober Plath (London: Faber, 1976). ---, Johnny Panic and the Bible of Dreams and Other Prose Writings (London: Faber, 1979). ---, Collected Poems of Sylvia Plath, ed. by Ted Hughes (New York: Harper & Row, 1981). ---, The Unabridged Journals of Sylvia Plath, ed. by Karen V. Kukil (New York: Random House, 2000). Segal, Hanna, â€Å"A Psycho-Analytical Approach to Aesthetics,† International Journal of Psycho-Analysis vol. 33 (1952).

Voter Apathy American Govermnet

Amer. Gov. Voter Apathy 1. What are some possible causes of voter apathy? Voter apathy is a growing problem in the United States. It’s when people who are eligible to vote choose not to. There are many causes of voter apathy and I believe not all of the reasons are done intentionally by people. One reason is, not knowing enough about the candidates running for office. When you don’t know anything about who is actually running how are you expected to make an educated and sincere vote? I think the mind set of people is if they don’t know enough information then they are better off just not getting involved.Politics can become boring and mundane therefore citizens chose not to pay attention to what’s id going on in the campaigning process. All too often we hear the same old things out of these politicians so shutting them out and choosing not to learn more about that is an easy escape. Negative campaigning and advertisements are another cause of voter apathy. When all we see on TV are negative ads about each candidate or each party then our attitudes towards either side change. Nobody wants to be involved in something that has a negative effect or outcome.I think that the negative advertisement is the main problem. It’s the fastest way to communicate to a lot of people but unfortunately people don’t want to hear complaining, whining, put downs and derogatory comments. Warne 2 2. How might voters shed apathy and regain interest in elections and the electoral process? Shedding apathy can be achieved by better educating the youth on the impact of voting. I think if teens today actually understood the process of voting many would take action and participate. Its looked upon in California and also other places in the United states as â€Å"oh my vote doesn’t count. If we were taught about how important voting actually was and how every vote does count then more citizens would register. Another way to regain interest in the elections is instilling strong citizenship values in young voters. If you have good values as a citizen and respect the country you live in, you will know that it’s your duty to elect the people who actually run your country. Everyone should be taught if you don’t vote you don’t have the right to complain about who wins. Lastly, making registration and voting more convenient would help improve the numbers of citizens registering and voting.So many of us have busy lives with a lot going on and forget to take the time to pay attention and vote. If voting was made simpler and more convenient then many more would do it. I think mostly people who use the excuse that they couldn’t find the times to vote are just being lazy. If families, schools, and community leaders work together to help society and young Americans, then the United States of America will have more citizens involved in the political aspects of their communities. 3. How would you go about ex plaining the importance of voting and encouraging citizens to participate in the most democratic of all processes?The only way to explain that Voting is extremely important is by saying that without voting we wouldn’t get anywhere in the world. All decisions would be on a dictator basis. In American we have the greatest right that most countries do not possess. That is the right to vote. It’s a way of exercising your right as an adult human being in a free country to express your opinion on issues. Every vote counts. You have to understand that it is how we hire the people who run the country. It helps you decide your own future by electing a person who might reflect your own views so you can live happily and comfortably.

Accounting Is an Information System That Identifies

A objectives and the roles of financial accounting â€Å"Accounting is an information system that identifies, records, and communicates the economic events of an organization to interested users. †1. The basic objective of accounting is to provide information to the interested users to enable them to make business decisions and â€Å"Financial statements are the primary means of communicating financial information to parties outside the business organization. †2. Moreover, accounting can give the essential information, especially for the â€Å"external users, is given in the basic financial statements: Profit and loss statement and Balance sheet. 3 On the other hand, accounting can give addition information to the internal user: for example the marketing managers, the supervisor of production, finance directors, and the officers of company. Now, I would like to discuss the people who are using the financial reporting. I had said this on the the above paragraph. There a re external and internal users. First, I would like to introduce the external users. Investors or those owners will be examples of external users. They need to rely on the financial accounting report to make a correct decision to buy, hold or sell stock.And other external user will be the creditors. Suppliers and bankers for examples. They use the financial report to calculate the chance of giving credit or borrowing cash. The supplies and bankers will ask some questions: â€Å"Is the enterprise earning satisfactory income? † or â€Å"Is the company profitability when compare with the competitors which are in the similar size? † or â€Å"Will the company get enough ability to pay its? †. All the question can be answered by the financial report. Therefore, the financial report gives a strong confidence to those supplies and the bankers.Furthermore, taxing authorities will be another external user. Because of the IRS(Internal Revenue Service), need to find out whe ther the companies obeys â€Å"the tax laws. Regulatory agencies, for instances the securities and Exchange Commission and the Federal Trade Commission, want to know whether the company is operating within prescribed rules. †4 Customers will be another external user. Through the financial report, Customer want to know information about the endurance of an company, especially when they want to have a long term investment with company.The Government will be another external user. Why I say so? This is because governments want to know the distribution of financial resource. Moreover governments want to know the company’s activities. Governments need addition information to handle the financial activities of company. The last but not leash external user will be the public. The companies influence the public in many different channels. For instance, companies will make a lot of economic contribution to the society. There are a lot of person who are employed be the company. Financial statements may assist the public by providing information about the trends and recent developments in the success of the company and the range of its activities â€Å"5. Another external user will be the Lenders. Lenders will want to know information that let them to find whether their loans, and the interest attaching to them, will be paid when due. At this time, I would like to introduce the internal users of accounting information are managers who plan, organize, and run a business. These include a lot of person. First, Employees want to know information about their job.The stability and profitability of their employers. This is because employees want to know about whether their employers can sustain their salaries. They are want to know information which let them to enjoy the ability of the company to provide retreat benefits and employment opportunities. Of course the manager will be another internal user. This is because manager needs to relay on the financial accou nting report to set up the policy of the company. They need to base on the report to find out the profitability. Is the profit can sustain the whole company?Through the report, the manager can change the policy of the business company in order to gain the highest profit, for example, change the supplies which are in a lower cost. The role of financial reporting is to tell those stakeholders about the financial position and the condition of the economic unit or a business company. Because of financial report provides the information, stakeholders can make decisions about future investments Financial reporting is critical in making effective stock investment decisions. When the people do not read the financial report, his or her investment will become a gambling.The financial report includes the balance sheet, income statement, cash flow statement, retaining earning statement and financial position statement. Combining all of them, will give you a clear image of the financial conditio n of the company. In order to deduce the future of the companies. I think finance market needs financial reporting. However, before my discussion, I want to introduce what is finance market first. â€Å"A financial market is a market in which people and entities can trade financia:6 source of value at low transaction costs and at prices that reflect supply and demand .As I mention before, financial reports give the financial information to all the people in the financial market, such as supplies, the lenders and shareowners. Therefore, the financial report is necessary for the financial marketing. As far as I am concerned, financial market is a fair place for trading the economic materials. Financial report will become the reference for those enterprises which ready for trading so that the enterprise can find the most suitable one for trading. Through the economic material trading.This can make the financial market more sustainable due to the cash flow through the market. At last, as I said this before: financial accounting report show all the details of the financial position of the company: The revenue and the expense. Therefore, the company can get the information about the place where the cash spend on. Thus, the company can check out whether the allocation of the resource and redistribute the resources efficiently. Take a easy example, when a company spend extra expense on their supply such as stationery last year.The company can spend less on it next year. And it is a sample but good example for the role of financial accounting to assist in efficient allocation. Reference:1. Accounting principles Weygandt Kieso Kimmel 2. http://memberfiles. freewebs. com/45/34/63343445/documents/Financial%20Accounting. pdf 3. http://dilipchandra12. hubpages. com/hub/Role-of-Accounting 4. http://www. ecampus. com/hospitality-financial-accounting-2nd/bk/9780470083604 5. http://www. ecampus. com/hospitality-financial-accounting-2nd/bk/9780470083604 6.